Here is the **English translation** of the practical application scenarios for **PD-Free Testing (Partial Discharge-Free Testing)**:
1. Factory Testing of Power Transformers/Reactors**
- **Purpose**: Verify the insulation performance of high-voltage transformers/reactors under rated voltage to ensure no insulation degradation caused by partial discharge (PD).
- **Scenarios**:
- Insulation strength testing between transformer windings and core.
- Detecting internal voids, oil-paper insulation defects (e.g., moisture, impurities).
- Insulation system verification for UHV (Ultra High Voltage) transformers (e.g., ±800 kV DC transformers).
2. Insulation Testing of High-Voltage Cables and Accessories**
- **Purpose**: Ensure cable joints, terminations, and other accessories are free from PD-induced breakdown risks during long-term operation.
- **Scenarios**:
- Acceptance testing after cable installation (e.g., underground cables, submarine cables).
- Detecting micro-pores, mechanical damage, or uneven semi-conductive layers in cable insulation.
- Voltage ratings: 10 kV–500 kV, especially for cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable systems.
3. GIS (Gas-Insulated Switchgear) and Circuit Breaker Testing**
- **Purpose**: Validate the SF6 gas insulation performance of GIS to avoid failures caused by PD.
- **Scenarios**:
- Insulation testing of GIS busbars, disconnectors, and earthing switches.
- Detecting metal particles, insulator cracks, or assembly errors causing discharge.
- Applicable to transmission systems of 110 kV and above.
4. Insulation Verification for Renewable Energy Equipment**
- **Purpose**: Ensure insulation reliability of wind power/photovoltaic equipment (e.g., wind turbines, inverters, pad-mounted substations) in harsh environments.
- **Scenarios**:
- Humidity-resistant insulation testing for offshore wind farm step-up transformers.
- Analyzing discharge characteristics of PV inverter high-voltage insulation materials.
- Detecting insulation stress issues caused by frequent switching or harmonics.
5. Traction Power Supply System Testing for Electrified Railways**
- **Purpose**: Guarantee safe operation of traction transformers and catenary insulators under high load.
- **Scenarios**:
- PD detection in traction transformers under 25 kV AC power supply.
- Insulation performance verification of catenary insulators in high-humidity/dusty environments.
- Preventing traction system tripping or train shutdowns due to discharge.
6. Research and Development of New Insulation Materials**
- **Purpose**: Evaluate discharge characteristics of novel insulation materials (e.g., nano-composites, eco-friendly gases).
- **Scenarios**:
- Laboratory simulation of PD thresholds under extreme voltages.
- Comparing traditional epoxy resins with new eco-friendly insulation materials.
- Providing test data for revisions of IEEE, IEC, and other international standards.
**7. Preventive Maintenance of Power Equipment**
- **Purpose**: Regularly inspect insulation conditions of operational equipment to identify latent defects.
- **Scenarios**:
- Annual insulation testing of substation transformers and capacitors.
- Detecting insulation aging (e.g., oil-paper carbonization) in aging equipment.
- Preventive replacement of high-risk equipment to reduce unplanned outages.
**8. HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current) System Testing**
- **Purpose**: Ensure insulation stability of DC cables and converter transformers under continuous DC voltage.
- **Scenarios**:
- Long-term PD analysis of ±500 kV/±800 kV DC cables.
- Performance verification of valve hall insulators in high-altitude or polluted environments.
- Addressing space charge accumulation issues in DC electric fields causing PD.
**9. Aerospace and Military Equipment Testing**
- **Purpose**: Ensure fail-safe insulation for electrical equipment in high-reliability scenarios.
- **Scenarios**:
- PD detection in aircraft high-voltage distribution system insulation materials.
- Anti-extreme-environment insulation testing for military radars and shipboard power systems.
- Insulation life assessment of nuclear plant safety-grade transformers.
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